Personal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal - Essay Example Each of the section also contains background information of each type of services offered by the bank. The financial banks offer several services for the customers and each of them has different importance for different types of customers. The introduction of technology and the fast growth of internet usage have allowed the financial companies to add more value to the customers without much effort. The beginning of internet banking has made it easier for the customers to conduct their banking activities at ease and at their convenience. Although the mode of banking has evolvedbut the overall concept of individual activities are still the same. This paper is focused on the services offered by HSBC bank in their website. It will cover three basic services in details, which are Banking, Borrowing and Investing. The Qatar branch of HSBC will also be covered in this paper. Savings Bank Account:The banking segment of HSBC offers two types of services, savings account and current account. An individual can choose anyone or both types of account depending on his requirements. The savings account allows an individual to accumulate funds and gain interest on it. It helps the individual to save money for future use. Current Bank Account: The current bank account is particularly for business purposes and offers services, which are exclusive to financial activities of a business. It allows the customers to deal with liquid funds, such as deposit funds, withdraw funds, write check, etc. Moreover, the customers can make unlimited transactions in a day (Money, 2015). HSBC Qatar offers three different types of accounts based on the requirement of the customers. They are Basic Current Account, Advanced Current Account and Premier Current Account. Money Transfer: The money transfer facility of HSBC Qatar allows the customer to transfer funds to different accounts. The customers can transfer money to pay bills, send money to

The expansion of dough Essay Example for Free

The expansion of dough Essay There are many factors that may have an effect on the expansion of dough but I will research temperature and material, the experiment is as follows. 25g of flour will be weighed into a beaker, and sugar will then be added. 30cm3 of yeast suspension will be measured in the 50cm3 measuring cylinder, and then added to the flour and sugar. It will then be stirred until a smooth paste. The paste will then be poured into the 250cm3 measuring cylinder without touching the sides. This is a precaution, because otherwise there will not be the correct amount of paste. The volume of the paste in the measuring cylinder will be recorded and the cylinder will be placed in one of the waterbaths, the temperature noted. The clock will be started and the volume recorded every 2mins for about 30mins. I think this experiment will work because dough is known to rise when heated I think that the higher the temperature, the bigger the expansion and if left over a period of time, at the same temperature, it will increase further, until a certain point. I believe this, because yeast is made up of a single-celled organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which multiplies rapidly when fed sugar and the yeast will convert starch to glucose, a simple sugar. This ferments the sugar, which converts to alcohol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide gas helps raise the dough and the dough rapidly expands, increasing in volume. To support my hypothesis further I had to research, I found the following sites and books helpful: http://encarta. msn. co. uk/find/Concise. asp? z=1pg=2ti=761556236 http://homecooking. about. com/library/weekly/aa072197b. htm Biology for AQA separate award by Ann Fullick. I have performed the experiment using the method mentioned previously. I have paid attention to the precautions carefully, and tried to do it correctly and as precise as possible and have obtained the following results: Time (mins) Volume (cm3) Temp: 22i C-glass Temp: 32i C-plastic Temp: 32iThe results shown in the table prove that the higher the temperature, the further the dough will rise, supporting my hypothesis. To support my hypothesis further I had to research, I found the following sites and books helpful: http://encarta. msn. co. uk/find/Concise. asp? z=1pg=2ti=761556236 http://homecooking. about. com/library/weekly/aa072197b. htm Biology for AQA separate award by Ann Fullick The graph, on the next page, shows that when dough is heated at a higher temperature it will rise faster. However, if heated in a glass-measuring cylinder, it would have perhaps risen further than it did. This can be seen by comparing the dough at 32i C in the plastic measuring cylinder (A) and the dough at 22i C in the glass-measuring cylinder (B). Although A is 10iC above B for the first fourteen minutes, they are constantly crossing temperatures. As line of best fit, starts lower than B, its intercept being 23 and Bs being 32. From the graph, the differences between the lines can be seen easily, at 37i C, it had risen the most and at 22i C, it had risen the least, the difference between the two being 46 cm3. At 22i C, it raised 28cm3, at 32i C it raised 44cm3, and at 37i C it raised 74cm3, and the graph showed this. From the line of best fit, the lines can be compared by their intercepts and gradients easily. However, the line which each set of results form is more important.Each of them show a steady rise, but the steadiest is the dough at 37i C, this suggest that perhaps this is an ideal temperature for rising dough, not too high as to kill the yeast and not too low, so it wont grow as fast and as steady. This also helps me to understand why a change in material will help the dough rise faster or slower. If in a glass container, the heat can pass through easily, and so it will rise faster, but because plastic is an insulator, the heat cannot pass through as easily. In conclusion, I can form the opinion that dough will expand more rapidly when at a higher temperature, perhaps ranging between 30iand 40i , and in a container that is not heat resistant, and the graph shows this in a simpler form. I think this because yeast multiplies at a faster rate in a high heat, however, if too high, it will die. Also, the graph shows the dough rising at a steady rate at 37i C, and so at 40i C it would perhaps rise faster, and it raises relatively well at 32i C. Although the yeast would probably rise faster in a higher heat, within bread the carbon dioxide gas given off would probably create pockets within the bread, or the yeast would begin to die. The results have turned out as expected, supporting my prediction. My method gave evidence that was reliable, and so would be counted on as correct. I believe this because it showed how yeast can be useful and expands dough in higher temperatures. By producing dough and exposing it to the conditions in which I wanted to test it, I could produce reliable results. This was done by measuring the dough carefully and fairly, using the same ingredients as a precaution, making the investigation fair; and then heating it at a steady temperature. By recording it throughout, I was able to produce a graph, to show my results in a clear and precise way. I think that I have given enough evidence to draw a conclusion. However, I think that this investigation could be advanced, by heating dough at a lower temperature, such as 15i C, in two different materials, and then the same again at a higher temperature, such as 50i C, also at a middle temperature, such as 18i C. By comparing two extremes and an intermediate, we can see if yeast will rise any more rapidly and steadily at the different temperatures and more importantly, if the materials in which they are heated make a difference. This would help support my earlier conclusion, that dough will expand more rapidly when at a higher temperature, perhaps ranging between 30i and 40i , and in a container that is not heat resistant. Investigation to observe the effect of temperature on the expansion of dough Dominique Briggs 10y Biology Mrs Tottey Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

An Examination of Visual Agnosia Essay -- Term Papers Research

An Examination of Visual Agnosia Imagine a researcher requesting you to copy a picture. It's a simple task. You move your instrument of illustration across a sheet of blank paper with ease, glancing from the given picture to your own sketch in progress. When you are finished you observe a satisfactory replica and feel a sense of accomplishment and proficiency with the similarity you have achieved between picture and sketch. Then the researcher queries whether you can tell him what you have drawn. You search the interconnected lines, the edges, and the shapes of your sketch but cannot answer what the picture represents. Finally, an explanation is given. You have just drawn a house- a simple triangle resting on top of a square. Your sense of accomplishment is quickly replaced with a feeling of despair. Visual agnosia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize familiar objects (Farah, 1990). Object recognition is the ability to place an object in a category of meaning. Most cases of visual agnosia are brought about through cerebral vascular accidents or traumatic brain injury typically inhibiting sufficient amounts of oxygen from reaching vital body tissues (Zoltan, 1996). There are a vast array of impaired abilities and deficits associated with individuals diagnosed with visual agnosia. These impairments vary considerably from individual to individual (Farah, 1990). Some patients cannot recognize pictures of things such as trees and birds, despite being able to describe such objects or recognize them through other senses such as sound and touch. Other patients demonstrate an inability to recognize faces of friends and family members (Goodale, 1995). The functional impairments experienced as a r... ...idence. Neuropsychologia, 29, 949-958. Farah, M.J. Relations Among the Agnosias. Case Studies in the Neuropsychology of Vision. The Psychology Press: UK, 1999. (9) 181. Goodale, M.A. (1995) Perceiving the World and Grasping It: Is there a difference? Lancet, 343, 930. Humphreys, G.W. Case Studies in the Neuropsychology of Vision. The Psychology Press: UK, 1999. Sajda P. & Finkle, L.H. (1995) Intermediate Visual Representations and the Construction of Surface Perception. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 267-291. Vecera, S.P. & Gilds, K.S. (1998) What Processing is Impaired in Apperceptive Agnosia: Evidence from Normal Subjects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10 (5), p.568 Zoltan, B. Vision, Perception, & Cognition: A Manuel for the Evaluation and Treatment of the Neurologically Impaired Adult. Slack Incorporated: New Jersey, 1996. 109-111.

Types Of Food And Water Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay

About every individual twenty-four hours our universe additions a vegetarian. Most people become a vegetarian out of regard for our animate beings, some because merely dont like meat. First of all, biological meat is better for the environment. The animate beings at biological farms have a better life ; they can travel about freely, acquire outside and eat proper nutrient. Furthermore, biological farms do non utilize fertilisers, chemical supplies or cistron engineering, so the meat you are purchasing is really better for your ain wellness. You can acquire biological meat at whole nutrient and wellness nutrient shops, some farm stores, and biological meatmans and even the better supermarkets. The environment section of the Dutch authorities is back uping supermarkets to acquire biological nutrient and to put up a good run, because biological nutrient is still more expensive in the universe. The taint of nutrient by chemical jeopardies is a world-wide public wellness concern and is a taking cause of trade jobs internationally. Contamination may happen through environmental pollution of the air, H2O and dirt, such as the instance with toxic metals, PCBs and dioxins, or through the knowing usage of assorted chemicals, such as pesticides, carnal drugs and other agrochemicals. Physically taint occurs when objects that get into the nutrient point and this can class taint. 1.1.1 TYPE OF CONTAMINATED BY BIOLOGICAL Food can be contaminated by biological because there are two types of biological agents are pathogens and toxins. Sanitation in fixing and functioning nutrient will cut down taint by pathogens. Toxins are toxicant substances produced by pathogens and other organisation to protect nutrient from toxins, stored it in sealed, air-tight containers so to avoid the taint we must decontaminate the containers before opening them. In handling the job of biological it is assumed that there could be contaminated by personal of all open surfaces, and of go arounding air. The illness could be caused by taint that had occurred several yearss, or hebdomad earlier. In instance of biological onslaught there are certain direction that should for carried out for protection and decontamination of feeding, imbibing, nutrient service equipment and messing countries. The best manner to forestall biological taint is to make good sanitary and hygienic pattern. 1.1.2 TYPE OF CONTAMINATED BY CHEMICALLY Chemical nutrient taint refers to the presence in nutrient harmful chemicals and micro-organism which can do consumer unwellness. The chemical taint of nutrient as microbiological taint is under the nutrient borne unwellness. Largely the chemical taint is modified nutrient, or the nutrient ingredients from genetically modified being besides can organize the nutrient taint. The nutrient borne unwellness can caused by certain cleansing compounds, and sometimes by usage the improper containers ( pots ) for cooking or hive awaying nutrient. Sometimes drug besides are used in agribusiness chemicals to command the infestation of fruit and veggie. When a big sum of chemicals are used it can caused a serious nutrient borne unwellness. The full toxicant chemical and cleaning compound must be carefully stored and labeled and shop in country that separate from the nutrient point. The best manner to forestall chemical nutrient borne unwellness are all the fruit and vegetable must be rinse decent ly so that the chemical will destruct in the H2O. We can even utilize warm H2O or even a hot H2O to rinse it. Examples of toxic metal that can do chemical taint are: Lead: found in pewter, illustration is pitcher and tableware Copper: found in cooking utensil, illustrations are pots and Pons Zinc: found galvanized points, illustrations are pail and bath 1.1.3 TYPE OF CONTAMINATED BY PHYSICALLY There is few type of physical taint that occurs. The first is from human existences. Sometimes the point that can do physical taint are, hair, soil, hurting french friess, buttons, coins, jewelry makers, plaster, and finger nail, go mix with the nutrient. The 2nd is from equipment in the hotel. The equipment that can contamination because from the, glass, metal, wood, plastic, prison guard, nuts, and bolts. The 3rd are largely from nutrient point are delivered in some sort of packaging or containers. If the packaging is damaged, or non to the full removed it may go a beginning of physical taint. Example the point are, polythene, paper, composition board, plastic or even glass. The 4th type of taint are from the unwanted parts of natural ingredients that remain in nutrient after readying including illustration, egg shell, castanetss, pips, chaffs, dirt or grit. The last physical taint are from the spread disease, they besides can do physical taint because the contaminated from the, de ad insect organic structures, larvae or eggs, dungs of pelt or a bird plume. To avoid the taint we must manage the nutrient point with carefully. 1.2 DEFINATION OF PORTABLE WATER ( The above beginnings from www.portable water.com ) Portable H2O is a safe H2O to be drink by all human existences or besides animate beings. Water may be of course drinkable, as is the instance with pristine springs, or it may necessitate to be treated in order to be safe. In either case, the safety of H2O is assessed with trials which look for potentially harmful contaminations. Largely portable H2O is packaged in plastic, or glass. It is a merely H2O that s safe to be drink by all. Water which is contaminated can treated to turn into portable H2O. Once of the easiest W P treat the H2O is boiling. Boiling H2O may non take heavy taints, but it can neutralize most bacteriums and viruses which may show H2O can besides treated with chemicals such as bleach, which sometimes it signifier of tablets for field and encampment usage. In extra, H2O can be pumped through a filter to take particulate. 1.3 PORTABLE WATER USED FOR: 1.3.1 PORTABLE WATER STORAGE TANKS ( The above beginnings from www.portable H2O tanks.com ) Portable H2O storage armored combat vehicles can be used in a figure of applications. If there is a break in the lasting H2O supply a portable armored combat vehicle can be used as a impermanent solution. They can be used as firefighting equipment, typically in distant locations or for forest fires. They can besides be used in distant locations where a work cantonment needs to be set up for a period of clip. There are many different utilizations for them and they can be an effectual piece of equipment 1.3.2 WATER PURIFIER ( The above beginnings from www.water purifier.com ) Most H2O we would believe of as clean contains a assortment of different contaminations, including chemical and biological contaminations. Chemical contaminations are chemicals that have entered the H2O. We can kill biological contaminations in the H2O by boiling it, but unluckily, boiling H2O has no consequence on chemicals already in the H2O. However, utilizing a H2O purifier can take both biological and chemical contaminations at the same clip, ensuing in H2O that is clean and safe to be drink by household. 1.3.3 PORTABLE WATER BOTTLE ( The above beginnings from www.portable H2O bottle.com ) The portable H2O bottles are a new sort of filtered H2O bottle. If you one to make at out of place we can merely used the portable H2O bottle. With this filtered H2O bottle you can merely even travel anyplace without any job. The portable H2O bottle, it can cut down 99.99 % of contaminations such as cryptosporidium, Giardia, E-coli, and many more. The bottle is design for going, exerting, athleticss events, and catastrophes or even can be used at place. The H2O bottle is really save and the H2O besides is safe to be drink. 1.3.4 PORTABLE WATER HEATER: ( The above beginnings from www.portable H2O heater.com ) Water warming is a thermodynamic temperature procedure utilizing a warming beginning to heat H2O above its initial temperature. Portable H2O is normally heated by device known as a H2O warmer or hot H2O system. Water warmer for non portable usage, both industrial and domestic are besides called hot H2O boilers. When a shell and tubing heat money changer is used for portable H2O or non portable H2O warming, it is normally called a hot H2O generator.

Lady Gaga: Gender in “Love Game”

Justine Burke Professor Adigweme Rhetoric 10:03:145 9/24/10 Lady Gaga: Gender in â€Å"Love Game† Many artists today are always trying to be somebody they are not. Their costumes are getting bigger and crazier than ever. One artist that exceptionally stands out in the crowd of performing artists is Lady Gaga. Every costume she wears, every move she makes becomes more epic every time she is seen. Most of the costumes she wears hide her identity and it is unknown who she is really trying to be.In â€Å"Love Game,† Lady Gaga’s gender is being questioned by the lyrics and image of the frame, by the subjectiveness in the video, by tweaking others’ work into hers, how the clothing and lighting give symbols to her gender, and who she is ultimately trying to be. Gender is a huge question in the text of this song. According to the lyrics and image of this frame, Lady Gaga is playing her love game with her candidates. They are in a dirty subway station with the ligh ts of two trains behind them illuminating the frame.Gaga is clearly the center of attention where everyone wants to win her over. She wants to know if the â€Å"subject† who could be male or female, will actually like her for her, or if the subject just wants the fame. When it is said â€Å"Let’s have some fun, this beat is sick,† the energized dancing and the careless crotch grabbing in the choreography shows that Lady Gaga and her subjects are simply having fun dancing to the beat.With the words â€Å"I wanna take a ride on your disco stick,† would normatively be seen as a woman’s line, but if Lady Gaga is playing the gender game in her video, like she is in the middle of the video by kissing both a male and a female, then she could ultimately be a male speaking that line to another male. Gaga indicates her subject to be a male with the line â€Å"guess he wants to play. † She doesn’t want to get too emotionally close with this man because she’s still not sure if he’s going for her love or with her game of touching and kissing and sex for the fame. No matter what Gaga’s subjects are searching for, whether it is love or fame, they are dancing very subjective towards her. They all want to win her over as she is letting them dance on and around her anyway they want. The men are suggestive towards her by grinding on her, giving her suggestive looks, and by chasing her. Lady Gaga shows this by wearing very little clothing, twirling her hair around, and letting the men dance and grind on her. A lot of the main choreography symbolizes Michael Jackson’s work. * Lady Gaga seems to symbolize others’ work a lot.Such as Grace Jones’ work. Grace Jones is a model, actress, and a singer/performing artist. When comparing the outfits she used to wear to the outfits Lady Gaga wears today, she clearly seems to be copying Grace Jones. Jones said, â€Å"I’ve seen some things sheâ⠂¬â„¢s worn that I’ve worn, and that does kind of piss me off. † (Hattenstone). Lady Gaga also follows in the footsteps and appears to be copying actresses such as: Brigette Helm, Beyonce, and Madonna by wearing an outfit that symbolizes the Maschinenmensch in her video â€Å"Telephone. * Even though Gaga is always being accused of copying others’ work we have to respect her for what she does as music lovers. Lady Gaga is not copying older artists, she is being unique, tweaking great ideas that have not been touched in years, putting her swag on them, and making old idea’s into new and improved ideas. Lady Gaga says, â€Å"I eat, sleep, breathe, and bleed every inch of my work† (Vicks). This is clearly what Gaga does and proves that she loves every aspect of what she does and that is the kind of dedication one must have in order to be a performing artist.She clearly could not be working any harder at this point in her life as she is continuously ma king number one hits such as: â€Å"Alejandro,† â€Å"Love Game,† â€Å"Bad Romance,† â€Å"Paparazzi,† â€Å"Poker Face,† and â€Å"Telephone. † * One aspect in her hit â€Å"Love Game,† in this frame Lady Gaga is wearing a different color top than everyone around her and is in the center of the formation. This indicates from the text that it is her game and everyone else wants to win her over hoping to play the game with her. All of her performers are wearing dark clothes though.This indicates dirtiness and impurity. Another costume effect is that one of Gaga’s dancers and herself are wearing a small symbol of an SS Soldier uniform within their outfits. Often in video’s, performers act to be someone they are not. They personally do not have any connections with the Nazi’s, but they are indicating and symbolizing that they are trying to be someone they are not. For instance, Lady Gaga makes us question her gender in this video. Not knowing this information shows that her gender s unknown. * If something is unknown it is put in the dark, like a mystery. The low lighting in the frame symbolizes the mystery of Lady Gaga’s gender and who she is trying to be in this video. The darkness also symbolizes the dirty and impure subway. Now that it is the end of the video and she has been through the subway she is impure and the darkness symbolizes this. These men are druggie type of men whom are stereotypically looking for specific things, like women and drugs, all for their pleasure.There are many different types of subjects in the world and this is where Gaga chooses to look for her subject. The light that is shining through is simply used to illuminate the dancers. Or, it also symbolizes more trains coming for the game to start all over again. * Subways are dark places at night and there can be isolated groups of people in them. Lady Gaga and her subjects are the only ones at the subway stat ion and there is no one else around, like their own little group. This is a perfect opportunity for Gaga to choose her sexuality and the person she wants all to herself.Since there are so many different types of subjects and groups of people found at a subway station, Gaga could ultimately choose to be just like one of those people she may see. She can be whoever she wants. She chooses to be a male with the dance move she is performing. * There are so many different kinds of people in the world, especially in one of the biggest cities in America, New York City. This is where many subway stations are located that people hear about and have never used that aren’t from NYC.There are any type of persons and groups there such as: male, female, straight, queer, bisexual, performer, dancer, gang member, business man, student, etc. There are many different things in life that can veer someone to become any person they want to be and to choose their identity by. The norm at a place li ke this is to be different, unlike in a smaller city. It is a perfect place for the film to be shot. Even if this video was not shot in New York City, it still represents a place like it and all the identities that are found there.This is where the ultimate question falls. Who is Lady Gaga trying to be and who is she supposed to be? * Lady Gaga’s gender in this frame at the end of the video has turned into an impure male symbol. This identity is becoming more of a norm in society today, that is, homosexuality. This is what she is representing. Gaga is trying to make what isn’t normal in society, what isn’t safe, what isn’t in people’s comfort zone, what is completely outside of the box, and wants to make it the norm. She wants to make it all okay things to be and she is the one doing it.With this said Lady Gaga is one of the main artists that definitely stands out in the crowd. This makes her be able to do whatever she wants and not care how much s he gets judged. There was uncertainty about her identity in â€Å"Love Game,† but now it is analyzed who she is. * * * * * * * * *Works Cited * Hattenstone, Simon â€Å"Grace Jones: ‘God I’m scary. I’m scaring myself’† The Guardian (2010) * Vicks, Meghan â€Å"The Icon and the Monster: Lady Gaga is a Trickster of American Pop Culture† Gaga Stigma: Critical Writings and Art About Lady Gaga (2010)

Augustus and the Augustan Age of the Roman Empire

Augustus and the Augustan Age of the Roman Empire During the Viet Nam War, the U.S. witnessed how little it means for Congress to have the power to declare war when the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and the President, can order troops to engage in police actions. In recent decades weve watched military dictatorships the world over wreaking havoc on civilians in the name of the martial law. And in Imperial Rome, the praetorian guard installed Claudius as the first of the militarily-elected emperors. Having power over the militia means having the power to ignore the will of the people. This was as true with Augustus as it is today. To the extent that Augustus didnt abuse his powers, he was a good leader, but his consolidation of not only military power but also the tribunitian and proconsular in the hands of one man set the stage for the end of popular freedom. The Roman historian Tacitus, from the early imperial period (A.D. 56?-112?), enumerates the powers Augustus swallowed: [Augustus] seduced the army with bonuses, and his cheap food policy was successful bait for civilians. Indeed, he attracted everybodys good will by the enjoyable gift of peace. Then he gradually pushed ahead and absorbed the functions of the senate, the officials, and even the law. Opposition did not exist. War or judicial murder had disposed of all men of spirit. Upper-class survivors found that slavish obedience was the way to succeed, both politically and financially. They had profited from the revolution, and so now they liked the security of the existing arrangement better than the dangerous uncertainties of the old rà ©gime. Besides, the new order was popular in the provinces. (1. 2) From The Annals of Tacitus The peace Tacitus refers to is peace from civil war. The bait evolved into what the satirist Juvenal later describes as panem et circenses bread and circuses. The other actions led to the fall of Romes form of republican government and the rise of the single head of Rome, the princeps or emperor. Vice Like leaders today, Augustus sought to end vice. Definitions then were different, though. Three of the problems he faced were: extravagance, adultery, and declining birth rates among the upper classes. Previously, morality had been an individual or family matter. Augustus wanted it to be a matter for legislation, complete with tax incentives for those who married and had children. The Romans didnt want to change their behavior. There was resistance, but in A.D. 9, the law now referred to as lex Julia et Papia passed. Powers originally delegated the pater familias were now matters for the princeps Augustus. Where earlier a husband was justified in killing a man he found in bed with his wife, now it was a matter for the courts. Lest this seem humane and evidence of concern for the rights of individuals, the father of the woman caught in adultery was still allowed to kill the adulterers. [See Adulterium.] Augustan Age Sources The Oxford History of the Classical World, edited by Oswyn Murray, John Boardman, and Jasper GriffinA History of the Ancient World by Chester StarrBiography of Horace and selected Odes in translationLegal Status In The Roman WorldThe Ancient History Bulletin 8.3 (1994) 86-98 Leges sine moribus, by Susan Treggiari.Horatian Meters Augustus was impartial in his harsh judgments. When his daughter, Julia, his child by Scribonia, was caught in adultery, she suffered the same fate as any other daughter exile [See Dio 55.10.12-16; Suet. Aug. 65.1, Tib. 11.4; Tac. Ann. 1.53.1; Vell. Pat. 2.100.2-5.]. Literature Augustus was restrained in his personal use of power. He tried not to force people to do his will and left at least the appearance of choice: Augustus wanted an  epic poem  written about his life. While its true that he eventually got one, he didnt punish those in his literary circle who turned him down. Augustus and his colleague, the wealthy  Etruscan  Maecenas  (70 B.C.- A.D. 8), encouraged and supported members of the circle, including  Propertius,  Horace, and  Vergil. Propertius didnt need the financial input, but more than that, he wasnt interested in writing epic. His shallow apology to Augustus was on the order of I would if I could. Horace, son of a freedman, needed the patronage. Maecenas gave him a Sabine farm so he could work at leisure. At last, as unencumbered by poverty as he was now burdened by obligations, Horace wrote the and Epodes Book 4 to glorify the emperor. The  Carmen Saeculare  was a festival hymn composed to be performed at the  ludià ‚  saeculares  (secular games). Vergil, who likewise received remuneration, kept promising to write the epic. He died, however, before finishing  The Aeneid, which is considered an ambitious attempt to join the legendary history of Rome with the glorious and noble present embodied in Emperor  Augustus. [See Horace and Augustus, by Chester G. Starr.  The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 90, No. 1 (Jan. 1969), pp. 58-64.] Tibullus and  Ovid, two later writers in Augustus literary circle, were under the patronage of Messalla, rather than Maecenas. Independently wealthy, highly successful Ovid, who was considered the embodiment of Augustan poetry, mocked everything. He was irreverent towards the new morality, even going so far as to write what could be viewed as guidebooks to adultery.  Eventually, he went too far and was exiled by Augustus to Tomi where Ovid spent the rest of his life pleading for recall. [See  DIR Augustus.] A Hard Act To Follow Augustus, living under the shadow of his adoptive fathers assassination, was aware that the appearance of dictatorship could spell his doom. As he amassed power, Augustus took care to make it look constitutional, but all the while, power was accruing in the hands of one man rich, popular, smart, and long-lived.  He  was a hard act to follow and with the reduction of power in the Senate and people, the time was ripe for autocracy. The two passages quoted on the preceding page, the Asian Decree, which calls Augustus the bringer of overwhelming benefaction and Tacitus evaluation of him as a man who used bribes, judicial murder, and absorbed the functions of the senate, the officials, and even the law, could hardly be more different, yet they equally reflect near contemporary attitudes towards Augustus.

How Mild Intellectual Disability Is Defined

How Mild Intellectual Disability Is Defined Editors note: Since this article was originally written, mental retardation as a diagnosis has been replaced with an intellectual or cognitive disability.   Since the term retard made its way into the lexicon of the schoolyard bully, retardation has also become offensive. Retardation did remain as part of the diagnostic vocabulary until the publication of the DSM V. What Is Mild Intellectual Disability (MID), Also Referred to as Mild Mental Retardation? Many of the characteristics of MID correspond to those of Learning Disabilities. The intellectual development will be slow, however, MID students have the potential to learn within the regular classroom given appropriate modifications and/or accommodations. Some MID students will require greater support and/or withdrawal than others will. MID students, like all students, demonstrate their own strengths and weaknesses. Depending on the educational jurisdiction, criteria for MID will often state that the child is functioning approximately 2-4 years behind or 2-3 standard deviations below the norm or have an IQ under 70-75. An intellectual disability may vary from mild to profound. How Are MID Students Identified? Depending on the education jurisdiction, testing for MID will vary. Generally, a combination of assessment methods is used to identify mild intellectual disabilities. Methods may or may not include IQ scores or percentiles, adaptive skills cognitive tests in various areas, skills-based assessments, and levels of academic achievement. Some jurisdictions will not use the term MID but will use mild mental retardation. (see note above.) Academic Implications of MID Students with MID may demonstrate some, all or a combination of the following characteristics: 2 to 4 years behind in cognitive development which could include math, language, short attention spans, memory difficulties and delays in speech development.Social relationships are often impacted. The MID child may exhibit behavior problems, be immature, display some obsessive/compulsive behaviors and lack the understanding of verbal/nonverbal clues and will often have difficulty following rules and routines.Adaptive skills, everyday skills for functioning, may be compromised. These children may be clumsy, use simple language with short sentences, have minimal organization skills and will need reminders about hygiene, such as washing hands, brushing teeth (life skills). etc.Weak confidence is often demonstrated by MID students. These students are easily frustrated and require opportunities to improve self-esteem. Lots of support will be needed to ensure they try new things and take risks in learning.Concrete to abstract thought is often missing or significantly delayed. This include s the lacking ability to understand the difference between figurative and literal language. Best Practices Use simple, short, uncomplicated sentences to ensure maximum understanding. Repeat instructions or directions frequently and ask the student if further clarification is necessary.Keep distractions and transitions to a minimum.Teach specific skills whenever necessary.Provide an encouraging, supportive learning environment that will capitalize on student success and self-esteem.Use appropriate program interventions in all areas where necessary to maximize success.Use alternative instructional strategies and alternative assessment methods.Help the MID student develop appropriate  social skills to support friend and peer relationships.Teach organizational skills.Use behavior contracts, and reinforce positive behavior if necessary.Ensure that your routines and rules are consistent. Keep conversations as normal as possible to maximize inclusion with peers. Teach the difference between literal/figurative language.Be patient! Assist with coping strategies.